Choosing the oil
- Viscosity like 0W-20 or 5W-30: the first number (with the W) is cold-flow performance, and the second is thickness at operating temperature. Use what the manual or oil filler cap specifies.
- Certifications: look for the API "donut" and "starburst" symbols (for example, API SP and ILSAC GF-6A/GF-6B where your manual specifies them; newer vehicles may require newer standards). Some makers require their own spec, such as GM dexos or specific European approvals (VW, BMW, Mercedes-Benz). Check the bottle against the manual.
- Synthetic vs. conventional: many modern engines require full synthetic. If yours doesn't, synthetic or a synthetic blend still offers better protection at temperature extremes.
- Diesel engines need oils rated for diesel service (API CK-4 / FA-4 or the maker's spec).
The filter
Look up the filter by year, make, model, and engine. The same car can use different filters with different engines. Spin-on filters should be hand-tightened, typically about three-quarters to one full turn after the gasket touches, unless the filter says otherwise. Cartridge-style filters come with new O-rings, so install them exactly as the housing is marked and torque the cap to spec.
The job, step by step
- Warm the engine for a few minutes so the oil drains easily, but not scorching hot.
- Lift the car safely on ramps or jack stands. Never rely on a jack alone.
- Remove the drain plug and let the oil drain fully into a drain pan.
- Install the plug with a new crush washer if it uses one. Torque to spec and don't over-tighten, which can strip the oil pan.
- Remove the old filter. Make sure the old gasket came off with it, because a doubled gasket will leak. Lightly oil the new gasket and install the filter.
- Refill with the manual's capacity, minus a little. Start the engine, check for leaks, shut it off, wait, and top up to the full mark on the dipstick.
- Reset the oil-life monitor if your car has one.
Recycling
One gallon of used motor oil can contaminate a lot of water, so never dump it. Pour it into the empty bottles or a sealed container. Many auto parts stores accept used motor oil and oil filters for free recycling, and so do many county collection sites. Call ahead to confirm limits. Find a store near you.
FAQ
How often should I change my oil?
Can I use 5W-30 instead of 0W-20?
Where can I recycle used motor oil?
References
This guide is general information, not professional repair advice. Always follow your vehicle’s owner’s manual and service specs, and use proper safety equipment.